Cervical cancer is one of the most common gynecologic cancers especially in rural women. Overall women face a lifetime risk of 2.5% of cervical cancer, which is significantly higher than the global average of 1.3%. With an estimated 1 in 53 Indian women diagnosed with cervical cancer, particularly in rural areas, awareness of symptoms and treatment options is crucial. This article will discuss the causes, types, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of cervical cancer, providing valuable insights for those seeking the best oncologist or cancer surgeon in Noida to ensure early detection and effective care.
Understanding Cervical Cancer
Cervical cancer typically originates in the uterine cervix due to chronic HPV infection. The majority of cases start in the mucosal lining of cervix, with different types of cancer identified based on the affected cells.
Common Types of Cervical Cancer
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma: The most common type, arising from the squamous cells lining the ectocervix.
- Adenocarcinoma: Originates from the glandular cells in the endocervix, responsible for mucus production.
- Mixed/Adeno-squamous Carcinoma: Features of both squamous and glandular carcinoma.
- Neuroendocrine Tumour of Cervix: A rare, aggressive type requiring intensive treatment.
Risk Factors and Causes
High-risk HPV strains, particularly types 16 and 18, are the primary cause of cervical cancer. Other risk factors include a family history of cervical cancer, multiple full-term pregnancies, long-term use of oral contraceptives, weakened immune systems, smoking, poor nutrition, and having multiple sexual partners.
Symptoms of Cervical Cancer
Cervical cancer often remains asymptomatic in its early stages, underscoring the importance of regular screenings. When symptoms do appear, they may include abnormal vaginal bleeding, unusual discharge, pelvic pain, discomfort during intercourse, and unexplained weight loss. Advanced symptoms can include fistulas, kidney problems, and leg swelling.
Stages of Cervical Cancer
Cervical cancer is staged using the FIGO system, ranging from Stage 0 (In Situ Cancer) to Stage IV (cancer that has spread to other organs). Determining the stage is crucial for selecting the appropriate treatment.
Diagnostic and Treatment Options
Early detection involves screening tools like Pap smears and HPV DNA tests. Diagnostic procedures such as biopsy and colposcopy confirm the presence of cancer, while imaging tests like MRI and PET scans assess its spread.
Treatment options vary by stage and may include:
- Radiation Therapy: External beam radiation or brachytherapy.
- Chemotherapy: Systemic treatment targeting cancer cells.
- Surgery: Options include laser surgery, cryosurgery, laparoscopic or robotic simple hysterectomy or trachelectomy, depending on patient’s fertility goals and cancer stage.
- Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy
Complications of Advanced Cervical Cancer
Advanced cervical cancer can lead to complications such as metastasis, kidney failure, fistulas, severe bleeding, and psychological impacts, all of which require immediate and specialized care.
Prevention Strategies
Preventing cervical cancer involves HPV vaccination, regular screenings, practicing safe sex, maintaining a healthy diet, and quitting smoking. Regular medical check-ups are essential for early detection and prevention of disease progression.
Final Thoughts
Cervical cancer, one of the most treatable cancers in women, can be effectively managed if detected early. Do not hesitate to consult an oncologist or cancer surgeon for receiving top-quality care and achieving the best possible outcomes.
Dr. Ashish Goel – Best Surgical Oncologist in Noida, Delhi NCR – India. He is senior cancer specialist and best Onco Surgeon, available for expert cancer treatment in Noida and Delhi NCR. Dr. Goel treats each of his patients with personal attention, compassion, empathy and professionalism, while recommending the best management plan for their disease.
Also read, who is at risk of cervical cancer.